Do you know who was the richest man in the 20th century? It was John D Rockefeller, who built two kingdoms, one for oil and the other for philanthropies.
He made his fortune in the oil business by founding Standard Oil Company in the second half of the 19th century. At the beginning of the 20th century, he made a stunning decision to build one of China's best medical schools and affiliated hospitals in Peking at the time. So, he decided to spare no expense and assigned his son to implement it.
In 1906, joint with five other churches in Britain and the United States, the London Missionary Society, opened the Union Medical College Lockhart Hall, the predecessor of Peking Union Medical College Hospital (PUMCH). Funded by the Americans, it was established on the basis of the Johns Hopkins Hospital in the United States.
At that time, a friend of Rockefeller suggested that he donate money to China. So, in 1909, he sent the first investigation group to China, and two Chicago doctors witnessed how China lacked doctors and medical equipment. Many patients passed away as their conditions deteriorated without receiving timely treatment. So, in 1913, the Rockefeller Foundation was established. One year later, they sent a second delegation to inspect China. After visiting more than 10 cities and hospitals, they wrote a report called "Chinese Medicine", which has proven to be a very valuable report thus far.
At that time, there were two plans discussed by the Foundation. The first option was to set up as many medical schools as possible, to train many medical talents. The second was to establish one with the highest standard in the world. In the end, the Foundation chose the latter.
In 1915, the Rockefeller Foundation dispatched the third investigation group with many famous American doctors, and the Rockefeller Foundation acquired the Union Medical College Lockhart Hall. Subsequently, the Foundation invested funds for the construction of the new school, inviting world-class architects to design it, and shipping advanced building materials and medical equipment from the United States.
In 1916, Charles A. Coolidge, who was responsible for the design of the PUMCH, came to China to inspect the Yu parent Palace and decided to design and build a campus and hospital complex with a palace-like appearance, combining Chinese and Western styles. At that time, as Germany had the highest level of medical management in the world, Americans went to learn from the Germans and then quickly applied it in China.
Formally established in September 1917, all classes of PUMCH were taught in English, according to the standards of American universities, with Frankline C. Mclean as the first president. In the first term, the college enrolled seven students, only three of whom graduated after eight years’ study, with the passing score being 75 points.
They offered an eight-year undergraduate program in medicine in October 1919 and opened a nursing school in 1920. With the new campus completed in September 1921, the college was renamed the private Peking Union Medical College (1929-1942) by the Ministry of Education of the Nanjing National Government in 1929.
In 1930, the college was approved by the Ministry of Education of the Republic of China. After the outbreak of the Pacific War in 1941, the United States and Japan were in a state of war, and the medical college, hospital and nursing schools were closed one after another. In early 1942, the college was occupied by the Japanese army and forced to close. After the surrender of Japan in 1945, the China Medical Board and the board of trustees of the college sent representatives to recover all school properties from the Japanese army. The college was then rebuilt and later reopened in October 1947, remaining open to this day.
- Translated by Abigail Wu
你知道20世纪人类史上第一个首富是谁吗？答案就是约翰·戴维森·洛克菲勒（John D Rockefeller），他一生打造了两个王国，一个是石油王国，另一个是慈善王国。
约翰·洛克菲勒在19世纪下半叶创办美孚石油公司，通过石油生意积累了巨额财富。他于20世纪初做出了一个惊人的决定，在当时的北平筹建一所中国最好的医学院和附属医院，为此，他决定不惜成本，并指派儿子小洛克菲勒具体执行。
1906年，英国伦敦会与英美其他五个教会合作开办了协和医学堂，为协和医学院的前身。这是由美国人出资创办的，他就是以美国的约翰霍普金斯医院学院为基准建立的。
当时，洛克菲勒的一个朋友建议他把钱捐给中国。于是在1909年，他派出第一个考察团来中国，其中有两名芝加哥的医生，他们亲眼目睹了中国是多么缺少医生，多么缺乏医疗设备，因此很多人是可以不死，但是因为病情的拖延逐渐恶化而死。所以4年之后，1913年，成立了洛克菲勒基金会，1914年，他们派出了第二个考察团来考察中国，他们走访了10几个城市和医院，写出了一篇报告叫做《中国的医学》，到目前为止也是非常有价值的报告。
在当时基金会的讨论中，有两个方案，第一个选择是按照普通医学院的水平多多创办几所，这样可以快速培养很多医疗人才；第二个选择只是办一所，但是要做世界最高标准的医学院，树立行业的高峰和标竿定位。最后，洛克菲勒基金会选择了后者。
1915年，洛克菲勒基金会第三次派遣考察团，洛克菲勒基金会收购协和医学堂。随后，洛克菲勒基金会投入资金进行新校建设，请来了世界一流的建筑设计师来设计，从美国运来了先进的建筑材料和医疗设备，这次考察团还有很多美国医学界的名人。
1916年，负责设计协和建筑的柯立芝来华考察豫王府，决定设计建造一座中西合璧的有着宫殿式外观的校园和医院群建筑。当时世界最高医疗管理水平都是在德国，美国人去跟德国人学习，然后很快的搬到了中国来。
1917年9月，北京协和医学院正式成立。他的第一任校长是 Frankline C. Mclean，全部用英语教学，按照美国大学的标准。所以，第一届只招收了7个学生，要八年毕业 ，最后只剩下3个人，那时每科及格分数是75分，。
1919年10月开办医学本科，学制为八年制。1920年开办护士学校。1921年9月，新校建筑完成。1929年被国民政府教育部改名为私立北平协和医学院（1929-1942）。
1930年，协和医学院获中华民国教育部认可立案。1941年太平洋战争爆发后，美日处于战争状态，其医学院、医院和护士学校相继停办。1942年初，协和医学院被日军占领而被迫关闭。1945年日本投降后，中华医学基金会与协和医学院校董事会派代表从日军手中收回全部校产，重建协和医学院，并于1947年10月第一次复校沿用至今。
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钩沉｜洛克菲勒家族与北京协和医院的故事
Do you know who was the richest man in the 20th century? It was John D Rockefeller, who built two kingdoms, one for oil and the other for philanthropies.
He made his fortune in the oil business by founding Standard Oil Company in the second half of the 19th century. At the beginning of the 20th century, he made a stunning decision to build one of China's best medical schools and affiliated hospitals in Peking at the time. So, he decided to spare no expense and assigned his son to implement it.
In 1906, joint with five other churches in Britain and the United States, the London Missionary Society, opened the Union Medical College Lockhart Hall, the predecessor of Peking Union Medical College Hospital (PUMCH). Funded by the Americans, it was established on the basis of the Johns Hopkins Hospital in the United States.
At that time, a friend of Rockefeller suggested that he donate money to China. So, in 1909, he sent the first investigation group to China, and two Chicago doctors witnessed how China lacked doctors and medical equipment. Many patients passed away as their conditions deteriorated without receiving timely treatment. So, in 1913, the Rockefeller Foundation was established. One year later, they sent a second delegation to inspect China. After visiting more than 10 cities and hospitals, they wrote a report called "Chinese Medicine", which has proven to be a very valuable report thus far.
At that time, there were two plans discussed by the Foundation. The first option was to set up as many medical schools as possible, to train many medical talents. The second was to establish one with the highest standard in the world. In the end, the Foundation chose the latter.
In 1915, the Rockefeller Foundation dispatched the third investigation group with many famous American doctors, and the Rockefeller Foundation acquired the Union Medical College Lockhart Hall. Subsequently, the Foundation invested funds for the construction of the new school, inviting world-class architects to design it, and shipping advanced building materials and medical equipment from the United States.
In 1916, Charles A. Coolidge, who was responsible for the design of the PUMCH, came to China to inspect the Yu parent Palace and decided to design and build a campus and hospital complex with a palace-like appearance, combining Chinese and Western styles. At that time, as Germany had the highest level of medical management in the world, Americans went to learn from the Germans and then quickly applied it in China.
Formally established in September 1917, all classes of PUMCH were taught in English, according to the standards of American universities, with Frankline C. Mclean as the first president. In the first term, the college enrolled seven students, only three of whom graduated after eight years’ study, with the passing score being 75 points.
They offered an eight-year undergraduate program in medicine in October 1919 and opened a nursing school in 1920. With the new campus completed in September 1921, the college was renamed the private Peking Union Medical College (1929-1942) by the Ministry of Education of the Nanjing National Government in 1929.
In 1930, the college was approved by the Ministry of Education of the Republic of China. After the outbreak of the Pacific War in 1941, the United States and Japan were in a state of war, and the medical college, hospital and nursing schools were closed one after another. In early 1942, the college was occupied by the Japanese army and forced to close. After the surrender of Japan in 1945, the China Medical Board and the board of trustees of the college sent representatives to recover all school properties from the Japanese army. The college was then rebuilt and later reopened in October 1947, remaining open to this day.
- Translated by Abigail Wu
Story of the Rockefeller Family Who Funded Peking Union Medical College Hospital
